Original Research Article
Year: 2016 | Month: January-March | Volume: 1 | Issue: 01 | Pages: 45-48
Characterization and Treatment of Industrial Effluent by Trickling Filter
Sunil J. Kulkarni, Sonali R. Dhokpande, Rutuja Joshi, Sonali Raut
Datta Meghe College of Engineering, Airoli, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Corresponding Author: Sunil J. Kulkarni
ABSTRACT
Biological
wastewater treatment methods are classified as suspended growth and attached
growth. Activated sludge process and trickiling filters are examples of these
types of methods. Removal of organic matter is main objective behind these
treatment methods. In the present research wastewater from dye industries is
treated by using trickiling filter. The trickilng bed was prepared by growing
the microbial slim layer on the stone gravel filling. The dissolved oxygen,
chemical oxygen demand and pH of the treated and untreated effluent was
compared. In the present investigation about 75 percent of COD removal was
obtained with 6 fold increase in dissolved oxygen.
Key words: Attached growth process,
biological oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand.
INTRODUCTION
Industrial and industrial effuent
contains organic matter, inorganic matter and pathogens. The metal ions and
their derivatives are also present in wastewater. Various physical, chemical
and biological methods can be used for wastewater treatment. The domestic
effluent also needs treatment before disposal. The removal of organic matter is
one of the main and important aspect of wastewater treatment. The
physicochemical methods like adsorption are found to be very effective for
removal of organic matter with COD removal ranging from 90 to 95 percent.[1-4]
COD removal by various
biological methods was also very effective.[5-8]
Advanced methods such as
membrane seperation were also used by few investigators.[9-11]
Advanced methods such as
advanced oxydation, ozonation, U.V. treatment are important from regeneration
point of view.[12-15] The cost and sringent norms for
effluent are driving forces for research on cost effective treatment of
wastewater. Trickilng filters(TF) have simple operation and robust
construction. The current research explores use of trickling filters for
Wastewater treatment.
EXPERIMENTAL SET UP
AND METHODOLOGY
Trickling filter has been designed and
fabricated at laboratory as shown in fig.1, with following details.
Material of construction: Mild steel
Volume of tank: 47liter
Since the tank includes cylindrical as
well as conical shapes the dimensions are as follows:
Dimensions for cyclinder: Diameter of
cylinder: 30 cm, Height of cylinder: 60cm
Dimensions for cone: Diameter of cone:
30cm, Height of cone: 20cm.
Procedure
for making Filter media:
Two buckets were
used as container to produce the micro organism in it. For developing the micro
organism, in one bucket waste water fruit waste was kept with stone granules and
second bucket was used to prepare synthetic wastewater. Only the waste water
and sludge was used. The bucket was kept undisturbed for near about 8 days in
open atmosphere. Slowly micro organism started developing in it. This was used
in trickling filter as a filter media. Granules and sand was also used in it of
different diameter as making the layer of it.
Working
of trickling filter
·
The
container was kept at height so that flow rate can be adjusted accordingly.
The filter media was then transferred
into trickling filter.
·
Alternate
layers of sand were created.
·
Inlet
Flow rate was maintained of 60ml per minute and it is kept fixed throughout the
entire procedure.
·
After
every 30 minute sample ( 20 ml) was collected in beaker from bottom of
trickling filter
·
Total
5 sample were collected after every 30 minute.
Preparation
of solution:
·
Manganese
sulphate solution:
48gms of MnSO4.2H2O was dissolved in water and volume was
made up to mark in 100ml volumetric flask.
·
Alkaline
Potassium iodide solution: 125 gm. NaOH & 37.5 gm. at KI
was dissolved in D.W. (H2O) & diluted to mark in 250 ml
volumetric flask.
·
Standardization of
sodium thiosulphate:
about 0.6 – 0.7 gm of AR grade Na2S2O3 5H2O
was dissolved in 100 ml distilled water, next 10ml of 0.025 N (K2Cr2O7)
& potassium dichromate and 10ml of conc. HCL acid are mixed in conical
flask. Also mixture was added with 6ml of 10% KI and was kept in dark for 5
minutes to liberate I2, the sides of the flask were washed with 10
ml water and shaken well. Then titrated with newly prepared thiosulphate
solution till strew yellow colour was obtained then starch solution was added and
titrated to a light green & product
·
Starch solution: A
small quantity of distilled water was also added to about 0.5mg of soluble
starch (A.R.) taken in beaker. The mixture was stirred with a glass rod and
heated to make transparent paste. This was added to 100ml of boiling distilled
water with constant string & Cooled.
·
BOD
bottle was taken & 200 ml of water sample was added into it.
·
2
ml of manganese sulphate & 2 ml of alkali iodide solution was also added to
the BOD bottle. The top of the pipette should below the Liquid level, while
adding these agents.
·
It
was stoppered to exclude air bubble and mix by repeatedly inserting the bottle
2-3 times.
·
If
no O2 is present the manganese ion reacts with hydroxide ion to form
white ppt. of Mn(OH)2 , if O2 is present Mn++ is oxidized to Mn+ and ppt. is brown coloured.
·
After
shaking and allowing sufficient time for all O2 to react and settle,
liquid within upper portion was seperated.
·
2ml
of concentrated H2SO4 was added.
·
The
bottle was inverted & mixed by inverting until the suspension completely
dissolved and yellow colour is uniform throughout the bottle.
MnO2+2I-+4H+→
Mn++ +I2 +2H2O
·
A
volume of 20ml was taken to conical flask and titrated into conical flask with
0.025N sodium thiosulphate solution until yellow colour iodine turns to pale
straw colour.
·
Since
it was impossible to accurately titrate the sample to colourless liquid 1- 2 ml
of starch was added.
·
Continued
titration was made to the 1st disappearance of the blue colour.D.O.
and COD of effluent samples are shown in table 1 and 2.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION